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The capacity of a plant to carry out photochemistry is limited and will depend upon a range of factors including stresses caused by environmental conditions. Absorbed light energy in excess of that used for photochemistry must be effectively dissipated by non-photochemical processes. Such processes include the emission of heat and re-emission of small but diagnostically significant amounts of the absorbed radiation as longer wavelength red/far-red light energy. This re-emission of light is termed chlorophyll fluorescence. Although chlorophyll fluorescence emission from whole leaf systems is too weak to be viewed with the naked eye, it can be observed from illuminated extracts of a chlorophyll solution. Peak chlorophyll fluorescence occurs in the red region of the spectrum (685 nm) and extends into the infra-red region to around 800 nm.
Each of these processes operate in direct competition for a finite pool of absorbed energy, any change in energy utilization by one process produces a complementary change in the others. This fact enables chlorophyll fluorescence to be used as a rapid and reliable non-invasive probe of photochemistry. Specialist equipment is required for the analysis of the chlorophyll fluorescence signature. A Chlorophyll Fluorometer is designed specifically to detect the chlorophyll fluorescence emission from a sample. There are several different types of chlorophyll fluorometers available.
Hansatech Instruments design and manufacture chlorophyll fluorometers based around 2 different measurement techniques, Pulse Modulated Chlorophyll Fluorometers and Continuous Excitation or Prompt Chlorophyll Fluorometers. These chlorophyll fluorometers cover a wide range of applications in photosynthesis research programs. To learn more about these techniques and to determine which instrument best suits your application, please get in contact with PP Systems to speak to a products specialist. We look forward to being of assistance.
The FMS2+ is a field portable pulse modulated chlorophyll fluorometer. The system is highly portable and fully self-contained. A system of field interchangeable batteries provides power for a full day of fieldwork. A multi-charger system allows full recharge of the batteries overnight.
The FMS2+ control box now features a white LED lamp for actinic and saturation pulse intensities. It is fitted with a USB port to allow for simple connection to modern Windows® based computers (eliminating the need to use Serial to USB converter).
For information on the use of the FMS2+ with the CIRAS for simultaneous leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements.
The FMS1+ is a pulse modulated chlorophyll fluorometer operating from a mains power supply for laboratory use. The system may also be operated from an external 12V D.C. power supply or high capacity battery for near-field conditions. For information on the use of the FMS1+ with the CIRAS for simultaneous leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, contact PP Systems.
